‘In Contemplation only’: Revisiting the Debate between the Chalcedonians and Anti‐Chalcedonians on the Reality of the Natures of Christ

Although a theological exchange of ideas between Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Christians flourished at the end twentieth century, ecumenical achievements these discussions have been met with notable objections critiques by theologians. This article focuses on one key notion that was highlighted for having left unresolved in discussions, namely concept difference natures Christ ‘in contemplation only’ (ἐν ϑεωρίᾳ μόνῃ). The essay revises traditional Chalcedonian perspective regard to interpretation contemplation, which considers it be based assumption real distinction after Incarnation. argument shows this view intended form response anti-Chalcedonian notionalist interpretation, according are only conceptually differentiated. By reconstructing philosophical background some sixth-century theologians, along Cyril Alexandria as main source anti-Chalcedonians, will suggest they bear influence opposing perspectives conceptualization. show how differences Chalcedonians follow closely attitudes ancient philosophy towards fictional entities conceptual constructivism. conclusion advocate future dialogues should take into account relevance epistemological differences.